{"id":3562,"date":"2011-11-11T13:07:00","date_gmt":"2011-11-11T12:07:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/?p=3562"},"modified":"2014-11-02T13:16:42","modified_gmt":"2014-11-02T12:16:42","slug":"etude-des-masques-solaires","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/?p=3562","title":{"rendered":"Etude des masques solaires"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Il s\u2019agit ici de pr\u00e9senter la m\u00e9thodologie appliqu\u00e9e \u00e0 une \u00e9tude r\u00e9elle accompagnant une plainte au permis de construire. La construction nouvelle p\u00e9nalise fortement l\u2019acc\u00e8s au soleil du plaignant. La d\u00e9monstration ci-dessous permet d\u2019\u00e9valuer le pr\u00e9judice qualitativement et quantitavement.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<h4>Pr\u00e9sentation<\/h4>\n<p>Localisation de l\u2019habitation<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image441.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"background-image: none; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px; border-width: 0px;\" title=\"image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image_thumb437.png\" alt=\"image\" width=\"587\" height=\"584\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Situation.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image002.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"background-image: none; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px; border: 0px;\" title=\"image002\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image002_thumb.png\" alt=\"image002\" width=\"878\" height=\"622\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>Implantation<\/h4>\n<h4>Positionnement des habitations :<\/h4>\n<p>La maison de la parcelle 322 vient s\u2019implanter en fond de parcelle.<\/p>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Projet<a href=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image003.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"background-image: none; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px; border: 0px;\" title=\"image003\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image003_thumb.jpg\" alt=\"image003\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Maison \u00e9tude<a href=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image004.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"background-image: none; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px; border: 0px;\" title=\"image004\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image004_thumb.png\" alt=\"image004\" width=\"1024\" height=\"542\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>Documents mis \u00e0 disposition<\/h4>\n<p>L\u2019\u00e9tude a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e sur la base des documents graphiques fournis : dossier de permis de construire, plans de sa propre maison.<\/p>\n<p>Les donn\u00e9es cadastrales sont issues du site http:\/\/www.cadastre.gouv.fr<\/p>\n<p>Protocole.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019impact de la maison projet\u00e9e est \u00e9valu\u00e9 sur le crit\u00e8re des ombres projet\u00e9es dans la zone utile du jardin de la maison. Le calcul se fait aux solstices et \u00e9quinoxes (21 mars, 21 juin, 21 septembre, 21 d\u00e9cembre) sur une plage horaire allant de 8h00 \u00e0 16h00 (18h00 pour la p\u00e9riode de juin).<\/p>\n<p>Pour chaque heure, est calcul\u00e9e la surface des ombres projet\u00e9es par la maison en projet, dans le jardin. Cette surface est compar\u00e9e \u00e0 la situation initiale, avant-projet.<\/p>\n<p><b><i>Nota<\/i><\/b><i>, le calcul est r\u00e9alis\u00e9 d\u2019apr\u00e8s la g\u00e9om\u00e9trie du projet de la maison. Une haie ou un mur s\u00e9paratif de hauteur significative viendrait encore p\u00e9naliser les r\u00e9sultats.<\/i><\/p>\n<h4>Le calcul de l\u2019ensoleillement.<\/h4>\n<p>Le calcul des donn\u00e9es solaires et particuli\u00e8rement des ombres port\u00e9es se fait \u00e0 partir de la g\u00e9om\u00e9trie des volumes impliqu\u00e9s. Pour le cas pr\u00e9sent, la mod\u00e9lisation des masses b\u00e2ties est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e \u00e0 partir des plans de permis de construire pour l\u2019une et l\u2019autre des habitations.<\/p>\n<p>Les volumes sont tr\u00e8s exactement mod\u00e9lis\u00e9s, seules les ouvertures et les d\u00e9tails de mod\u00e9natures ont \u00e9t\u00e9 consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme n\u00e9gligeables. Les espaces int\u00e9rieurs pourraient \u00eatre mod\u00e9lis\u00e9s pour \u00e9valuer le pr\u00e9judice \u00e9conomique en termes d\u2019apports caloriques et l\u2019incidence en Lumen du flux lumineux, ce dernier conditionnant l\u2019utilisation de la lumi\u00e8re dans les pi\u00e8ces concern\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019ensoleillement est un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne banal mais difficile \u00e0 pr\u00e9dire de fa\u00e7on intuitive et donc plus encore \u00e0 quantifier. Aujourd\u2019hui les outils 3D permettent des approches tr\u00e8s d\u00e9taill\u00e9es. L\u2019important ici est de pouvoir assimiler l\u2019ombre \u00e0 une surface. Cette surface se calcule, ce qui alimente les analyses \u00e0 r\u00e9aliser.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019analyse solaire doit se faire non pas en instantan\u00e9s, comme l\u2019est le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne solaire, mais en cumul\u00e9s. Il faut observer le comportement solaire sur une dur\u00e9e pour en comprendre les caract\u00e9ristiques.<\/p>\n<p>On choisit 4 moments dans l\u2019ann\u00e9e, les solstices et les \u00e9quinoxes, p\u00e9riodes pendant lesquelles les trajectoires sont les plus hautes, les plus basses et les plus m\u00e9dianes. Sous nos latitudes, le comportement en mars est quasiment le m\u00eame que celui en septembre.<\/p>\n<p>Les analyses quantitatives pour les flux sont r\u00e9alis\u00e9es avec l\u2019outil canadien DaySim. DaySim est un logiciel d&rsquo;analyse de la lumi\u00e8re du jour qui calcule la disponibilit\u00e9 de lumi\u00e8re du jour par an dans des immeubles arbitraires ainsi que la d\u00e9pense d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie \u00e9lectrique de commandes d&rsquo;\u00e9clairage automatis\u00e9es (d\u00e9tecteurs d&rsquo;occupation, cellules photo\u00e9lectriques) par rapport \u00e0 des interrupteurs classiques M\/A. DaySim peut calculer, entre autres param\u00e8tres de performance, l&rsquo;autonomie d&rsquo;\u00e9clairage naturel et l&rsquo;indice d&rsquo;\u00e9clairage naturel tr\u00e8s utile.<\/p>\n<p>DaySim combine le logiciel de trac\u00e9 de rayons incidents Radiance, d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par Greg Ward au Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, avec une m\u00e9thode utilisant les coefficients d&rsquo;\u00e9clairage diurne. Le mod\u00e8le de ciel sous-jacent pour calculer les profils d&rsquo;\u00e9clairement annuel est le mod\u00e8le de ciel en tous temps de Perez. Un mod\u00e8le stochastique de Skartveit et Olseth a \u00e9t\u00e9 adapt\u00e9 pour calculer le d\u00e9veloppement par \u00e9chelon \u00e0 court terme de l&rsquo;\u00e9clairement int\u00e9rieur en fonction de la moyenne horaire des valeurs de rayonnement direct et diffus. Les profils d&rsquo;\u00e9clairement annuel sont associ\u00e9s aux donn\u00e9es concernant l&rsquo;occupation de l&rsquo;utilisateur afin de pr\u00e9voir l&rsquo;utilisation annuelle de l&rsquo;\u00e9clairage \u00e9lectrique dans une zone d&rsquo;immeubles suivant la strat\u00e9gie de commande de la lumi\u00e8re et des stores. Le mod\u00e8le sous-jacent de commande manuelle d&rsquo;\u00e9clairage Lightswitch est bas\u00e9 sur un contr\u00f4le du comportement d&rsquo;occupation dans diverses \u00e9tudes sur le terrain.<\/p>\n<h4>Donn\u00e9e g\u00e9ographiques :<\/h4>\n<p>Les donn\u00e9es g\u00e9ographiques sont v\u00e9rifi\u00e9es sur le site de l\u2019IGN ; Geoportail : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.geoportail.fr\">http:\/\/www.geoportail.fr<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image005.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"background-image: none; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px; border: 0px;\" title=\"image005\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image005_thumb.png\" alt=\"image005\" width=\"357\" height=\"147\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>Course solaire annuelle :<\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image006.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"background-image: none; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px; border: 0px;\" title=\"image006\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image006_thumb.png\" alt=\"image006\" width=\"1278\" height=\"789\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>Projections cumul\u00e9es<\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image442.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"background-image: none; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px; border: 0px;\" title=\"image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image_thumb438.png\" alt=\"image\" width=\"620\" height=\"382\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Cette premi\u00e8re \u00e9valuation en fausses couleurs donne l\u2019impact cumul\u00e9 des projections d\u2019ombres des deux maisons. On voit d\u00e9j\u00e0 que le jardin b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie que de peu d\u2019ensoleillement direct.<\/p>\n<h4>Projections solstice \/ \u00e9quinoxe, 3 horaires significatifs.<\/h4>\n<p>21 mars 10h00<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image010.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"background-image: none; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px; border: 0px;\" title=\"image010\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image010_thumb.png\" alt=\"image010\" width=\"1024\" height=\"572\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>21 mars 14h00<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image011.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"background-image: none; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px; border: 0px;\" title=\"image011\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image011_thumb.png\" alt=\"image011\" width=\"1024\" height=\"571\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>21 mars 16h00<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image012.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"background-image: none; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px; border: 0px;\" title=\"image012\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image012_thumb.png\" alt=\"image012\" width=\"1024\" height=\"405\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>21 juin 10h00<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image013.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"background-image: none; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px; border: 0px;\" title=\"image013\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image013_thumb.png\" alt=\"image013\" width=\"1024\" height=\"418\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>21 juin 14h00<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image014.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"background-image: none; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px; border: 0px;\" title=\"image014\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image014_thumb.png\" alt=\"image014\" width=\"1024\" height=\"412\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>21 juin 16h00<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image015.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"background-image: none; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px; border: 0px;\" title=\"image015\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image015_thumb.png\" alt=\"image015\" width=\"1024\" height=\"405\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>21 septembre 10h00<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image016.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"background-image: none; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px; border: 0px;\" title=\"image016\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image016_thumb.png\" alt=\"image016\" width=\"1024\" height=\"411\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>21 septembre 14h00<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image017.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"background-image: none; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px; border: 0px;\" title=\"image017\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image017_thumb.png\" alt=\"image017\" width=\"1024\" height=\"414\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>21 septembre 16h00<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image018.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"background-image: none; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px; border: 0px;\" title=\"image018\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image018_thumb.png\" alt=\"image018\" width=\"1024\" height=\"413\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>21 d\u00e9cembre 10h00<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image019.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"background-image: none; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px; border: 0px;\" title=\"image019\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image019_thumb.png\" alt=\"image019\" width=\"1024\" height=\"411\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>21 d\u00e9cembre 14h00<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image020.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"background-image: none; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px; border: 0px;\" title=\"image020\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image020_thumb.png\" alt=\"image020\" width=\"1024\" height=\"412\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>21 d\u00e9cembre 16h00<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image021.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"background-image: none; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px; border: 0px;\" title=\"image021\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image021_thumb.png\" alt=\"image021\" width=\"1024\" height=\"411\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Analyse d\u00e9taill\u00e9e<\/h3>\n<h4>Visualisation volumique des ombres<\/h4>\n<p>21 mars, 21 septembre<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image022.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"background-image: none; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px; border: 0px;\" title=\"image022\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image022_thumb.png\" alt=\"image022\" width=\"1024\" height=\"403\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image023.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"background-image: none; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px; border: 0px;\" title=\"image023\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image023_thumb.png\" alt=\"image023\" width=\"1024\" height=\"516\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>21 juin<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image024.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"background-image: none; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px; border: 0px;\" title=\"image024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image024_thumb.png\" alt=\"image024\" width=\"1024\" height=\"337\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image025.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"background-image: none; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px; border: 0px;\" title=\"image025\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image025_thumb.png\" alt=\"image025\" width=\"1024\" height=\"442\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>21 d\u00e9cembre<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image026.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"background-image: none; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px; border: 0px;\" title=\"image026\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image026_thumb.png\" alt=\"image026\" width=\"1024\" height=\"358\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image027.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"background-image: none; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px; border: 0px;\" title=\"image027\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image027_thumb.png\" alt=\"image027\" width=\"1024\" height=\"500\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Dans ces vues, les ombres sont figur\u00e9es en surfaces et en volume. La surface permet de connaitre l\u2019impact au sol, le volume traduit l\u2019impact visuel.<\/p>\n<h4>Visualisation des surfaces ombr\u00e9es<\/h4>\n<p>21 mars \u2013 21 septembre<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image028.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"background-image: none; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px; border: 0px;\" title=\"image028\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image028_thumb.png\" alt=\"image028\" width=\"1024\" height=\"438\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>21 juin<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image029.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"background-image: none; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px; border: 0px;\" title=\"image029\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image029_thumb.png\" alt=\"image029\" width=\"1024\" height=\"410\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>21 d\u00e9cembre<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image030.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"background-image: none; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px; border: 0px;\" title=\"image030\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image030_thumb.png\" alt=\"image030\" width=\"1024\" height=\"373\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Exploitation num\u00e9rique<\/h3>\n<p>Pour chaque p\u00e9riode est relev\u00e9e la surface ombr\u00e9e dans le jardin due \u00e0 la nouvelle construction. Cette surface varie avec le temps et la saison. Le cumul des surfaces donne la valeur du pr\u00e9judice.<\/p>\n<p>21 mars \u2013 21 septembre<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"147\">surface totale<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">8h00<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">9h00<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">10h00<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">11h00<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">12h00<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">13h00<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">14h00<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">15h00<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">16h00<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">total ombr\u00e9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"147\">200<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">0<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">0<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">0<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">0<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">5<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">22<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">48<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">91<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">164<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">164<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"147\">pourcentage<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">0<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">0<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">0<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">0<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">2<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">11<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">24<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">46<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">82<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">82<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"147\">moyenne journ\u00e9e<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">18<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"147\">moyenne apr\u00e8s-midi<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">33<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>21 juin<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"147\">surface totale<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">8h00<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">9h00<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">10h<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">11h<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">12h<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">13h<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">14h<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">15h<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">16h<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">17h<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">18h<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">Total<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"147\">200<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">0<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">0<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">0<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">0<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">1<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">12<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">24<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">37<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">61<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">86<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">89<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">111<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"147\">%<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">0<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">0<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">0<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">0<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">1<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">6<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">12<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">18<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">30<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">43<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">44<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">55<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"147\">moyenne journ\u00e9e<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">8<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"147\">moyenne apr\u00e8s-midi<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">14<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"147\">moyenne journ\u00e9e -&gt;18<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">14<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"227\">Moyenne apr\u00e8s-midi -&gt;18<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">22<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>21 d\u00e9cembre<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"147\">surface totale<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">8h00<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">9h00<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">10h00<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">11h00<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">12h00<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">13h00<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">14h00<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">15h00<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">16h00<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">total ombr\u00e9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"147\">200<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">0<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">0<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">0<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">29<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">69<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">125<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">154<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">168<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">168<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"147\">pourcentage<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">0<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">0<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">0<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">14<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">35<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">62<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">77<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">84<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">84<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"147\">moyenne journ\u00e9e<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">34<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"147\">moyenne apr\u00e8s-midi<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">54<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Moyenne annuelle<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"147\">moyenne ann\u00e9e<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">mars<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">juin-&gt;18h<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">sept<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">d\u00e9c.<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">ann\u00e9e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"147\">journ\u00e9e<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">18<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">14<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">18<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">34<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">21<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"147\">apr\u00e8s-midi<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">33<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">22<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">33<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">54<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"80\">36<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><b><br \/>\n<\/b><\/p>\n<h3>Interpr\u00e9tation des r\u00e9sultats<\/h3>\n<p>En toute saison, d\u00e8s midi, la nouvelle construction vient porter ombre sur la partie utile du jardin et ce, sur pratiquement toute la surface en fin de journ\u00e9e sur plus de la moiti\u00e9 de l\u2019ann\u00e9e. La faible profondeur de la parcelle et le masque cr\u00e9\u00e9 par le mur de la construction projet\u00e9e viennent renforcer l\u2019impression de pr\u00e9sence.<\/p>\n<p>Si l\u2019on raisonne sur une journ\u00e9e en cumul\u00e9, la perte globale est d\u2019environ 21%. Mais, le pr\u00e9judice ne doit pas se mesurer sur une journ\u00e9e compl\u00e8te, mais sur une demi-journ\u00e9e, \u00e0 partir du moment o\u00f9 le jardin est ensoleill\u00e9 et o\u00f9 il le serait moins.<\/p>\n<p>Dans ce cas, la perte cumul\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e est d\u2019environ <b>36 %<\/b>, mais la r\u00e9partition, d\u00e9pendant de la position du soleil n\u2019est pas \u00e9quivalente : on trouvera 33 % au printemps et en automne et 54 % durant l\u2019hiver. <b>Si l\u2019on consid\u00e8re l\u2019ombre port\u00e9e par la maison durant la matin\u00e9e, on arrive au constat que le jardin est pratiquement ombr\u00e9 toute l\u2019ann\u00e9e, toute la journ\u00e9e.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Cumul Mars<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image031.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"background-image: none; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px; border: 0px;\" title=\"image031\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image031_thumb.jpg\" alt=\"image031\" width=\"1024\" height=\"484\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Cumul juin<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image032.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"background-image: none; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px; border: 0px;\" title=\"image032\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image032_thumb.jpg\" alt=\"image032\" width=\"1024\" height=\"479\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Cumul Septembre<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image033.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"background-image: none; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px; border: 0px;\" title=\"image033\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image033_thumb.jpg\" alt=\"image033\" width=\"1024\" height=\"469\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Cumul D\u00e9cembre<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image034.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"background-image: none; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px; border: 0px;\" title=\"image034\" src=\"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/wp-content\/image034_thumb.jpg\" alt=\"image034\" width=\"1024\" height=\"496\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Il est \u00e0 noter que la t\u00e2che d\u2019ombre se d\u00e9ploie au centre du jardin, peu sur les marges, le fond de la parcelle est plong\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e8s de 90% du temps dans l\u2019ombre.<\/p>\n<p>Le pr\u00e9judice est donc r\u00e9el, l\u2019implantation de la maison en projet, sur l\u2019axe Est\/Ouest, en fond de parcelle, sur une hauteur et une longueur importante, (10,74 m par 4,50 au faitage), constitue un masque visuel imposant et de fait, une masse portant fortement ombre sur la parcelle.<\/p>\n<h3>R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/h3>\n<p>Laurent Lescop, architecte et docteur en sciences pour l\u2019ing\u00e9nieur, issu du laboratoire CERMA, est chercheur au laboratoire GERSA et sp\u00e9cialiste de la question des ambiances. Il a exerc\u00e9 10 ans comme architecte lib\u00e9ral et est enseignant titulaire en Sciences et Techniques pour l\u2019Architecte \u00e0 l\u2019Ecole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure d\u2019Architecture de Nantes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Il s\u2019agit ici de pr\u00e9senter la m\u00e9thodologie appliqu\u00e9e \u00e0 une \u00e9tude r\u00e9elle accompagnant une plainte au permis de construire. La construction nouvelle p\u00e9nalise fortement l\u2019acc\u00e8s au soleil du plaignant. La d\u00e9monstration ci-dessous permet d\u2019\u00e9valuer le pr\u00e9judice qualitativement et quantitavement.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,190,8,26,200],"tags":[47,69,313],"class_list":["post-3562","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-3d","category-architecture-2","category-methodologie","category-production","category-solaire","tag-simulation","tag-simulation-solaire","tag-solaire"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3562","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3562"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3562\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3564,"href":"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3562\/revisions\/3564"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3562"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3562"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.keris-studio.fr\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3562"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}